Optical system for use with a vacuum chamber and associated method

ABSTRACT

An optical system for use with a vacuum chamber may include a target to be positioned within the vacuum chamber, a laser source, and an optical assembly to be positioned within the vacuum chamber between the target and the laser source. The optical assembly may include a housing, a frame, a lens carried by the frame, and spiral flexures each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame. In addition, the optical assembly may include a plurality of flexure actuators, where each flexure actuator is coupled between the housing and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure.

FIELD

The present invention relates to the field of optical, assemblies, and, more particularly, to an optical system for use, with a vacuum chamber an associated method.

BACKGROUND

Ion trap quantum computing uses highly precise alignment of the final “atom imager” objective lens. For example, this may include thirty-two telecentric beams targeting an array of thirty-two individual atoms. The location in all three axes (x, y, z) is desirable controlled to within <50 um, for example. In addition, the beam angle in the x and y direction (pitch and yaw) may be controlled within 10 mrad.

System architecture often means that these beams travel horizontally to skim the top of the ion trap. A relatively small (e.g., 4.5 um) spot size uses a relatively high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens. Further, there may be significant restriction of physical space for the mechanism typically used to adjust the alignment.

Previous systems attempted to address these problems by using a Gough-Stewart Platform (hexapod) mounted outside, the vacuum chamber. Beams were directed to enter the vacuum chamber from below using a relatively large reentrant window. The vertical beam orientation may be desirable to eliminate the overhanging loads (moments) and to center the center of gravity of the lens above the manipulator.

Despite the existence of such configurations, further advancements in optical systems may be desirable in certain applications, such as quantum computing, for example.

SUMMARY

An optical system for use with a vacuum chamber may include a target to be positioned within the vacuum chamber, a laser source, and an optical assembly to be positioned within the vacuum chamber between the target and the laser source. The optical assembly may include a housing, a frame, a lens carried by the frame, and a plurality of spiral flexures each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame. In addition, the optical assembly may include a plurality of flexure actuators, where each flexure actuator is coupled between the housing and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure.

The optical assembly may comprise a respective threaded flexure tube coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of spiral flexures. Each flexure actuator may comprise a motor having a rotatable threaded output shaft coupled to a respective threaded flexure tube. In some embodiments, the flexure actuators may be carried within the housing.

The optical assembly may also comprise a plurality of translation actuators coupled between the housing and the frame. For example, the flexure actuators and the translation actuators may be configured to provide five degrees of freedom (DOF) movement for adjustment of the lens.

The frame may include a pair of elongate passageways orthogonal to one another. Each translation actuator may comprise a motor having an eccentric output shaft received within a respective elongate passageway. Similar to the flexure actuators, the plurality of translation actuators may also be carried within the housing.

The frame may have a rectangular shape defining four corners, for example. In this embodiment, the proximal end of each spiral flexure is coupled to the frame at a respective corner.

In some embodiments, the target may comprise an atom trap. In other embodiments, the target may comprise a semiconductor mask. Of course, the optical assembly may be used in other applications as well.

A method aspect is directed to a method of steering a laser beam from a laser source to a target within a vacuum chamber. The method may include operating a plurality of flexure actuators of an optical assembly within the vacuum chamber between the target and the laser source. The optical assembly may comprise a housing, a frame, a lens carried by the frame, and a plurality of spiral flexures each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame. The optical assembly also comprises the plurality of flexure actuators, with each flexure actuator coupled between the housing and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a portion of a quantum computer including an optical system according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the optical assembly of the optical system of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the optical assembly of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a partial top view of the optical assembly of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of the optical assembly of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a frame of the optical assembly of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the frame of the optical assembly of FIG. 2 with the objective lens being adjusted via the spiral flexure.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an optical system where the target is a semiconductor mask according to the invention.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method of operating the optical system of FIG. 1 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

Ion trap quantum computing requires highly precise alignment of the final “atom imager” objective lens of an optical assembly. There is a desire to move away from re-entrant windows in large vacuum chambers and toward more compact, highly integrated designs having the objective lens inside the vacuum chamber. Thus, minimizing chamber size may be critical to system performance. The optical assembly may need to be as small as possible as operation inside the vacuum chamber would typically use remote operation of the lens mount adjustments.

Referring initially to FIGS. 1 and 2 , an optical system is generally designated 102 and is part of a quantum computer 100. The optical system 102 includes an optical assembly 104, a laser source and associated acousto-optic modulator (AOM) 106, and a target in the form of atoms (e.g. ions) 108 within an atom trap 110. An objective lens 114 is aligned between the laser source 106 and the target 108. The optical system 102 satisfies tightly controlled telecentricity, distortion, and spot size requirements. The optical system 102 may also be adapted to fiber-coupling for acousto-optic (AO) devices. The ability to provide fiber-coupled acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) may become increasingly important as the quantum computing industry grows.

Examples of acousto-optic modulator devices and similar acousto-optic systems are disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,958,710, 9,958,711, 10,466,516, 10,509,245, 10,495,943, and 10,754,223, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. Accordingly, the optical system 102 allows operation over a large spectrum. The optical system 102 may accordingly provide advantages with respect to numerous different types of targets.

The optical system 102 may provide five degrees of freedom of movement for adjustment, and comprises a parallel flexure system for final objective lens mounting as described in more detail below. The z-axis is defined in the direction of the laser source 106 to the target 108. The laser source 106 generates a plurality of laser beams 112 that are aimed through the lens 114 to the target 108.

The optical assembly 104 includes a housing 120, a frame 122, the lens 114 carried by the frame 122, and a plurality of spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d, each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame 122 as shown in FIG. 2 . The spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d operate both as pseudo-spherical joints and as prismatic joints. Accordingly, the five degrees of freedom of movement are advantageously managed in a single stage, as opposed to serially in stacked stages, for example. The optical assembly 104 may be cube shaped and have a dimension of approximately 20 millimeters on each side. The optical assembly 104 is space-efficient and may be more tightly integrated with the vacuum chamber 116 than current approaches and can also be adapted to fiber-coupling of acousto-optic devices.

In addition, the spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d have a high effective aspect ratio, allowing for a large adjustment range of Δx, Δy, Δz: ±0.010″ (254 μm) and θx, θy: ±5°. A precision of adjustment of the optical assembly 104 is driven in part by the controls design.

Referring now to FIG. 3 , the optical assembly 104 features high precision and includes kinematically adjustments for each degree of freedom. In particular, the optical assembly 104 may include a plurality of flexure actuators 126 a, 126 b, 126 c, 126 d, where each flexure actuator is coupled between the housing 120 and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure. Each of the flexure actuators 126 a, 126 b, 126 c, 126 d may comprise a respective threaded flexure tube 128 a, 128 b, 128 c, 128 d coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of spiral flexures. Each flexure actuator may also comprise a motor 130 a, 130 b, 130 c, 130 d having a rotatable threaded output shaft 132 a, 132 b, 132 c, 132 d coupled to a respective threaded flexure tube. In some embodiments, the flexure actuators may be carried within the housing 120 as shown in the illustrated embodiment.

The optical assembly 104 may also comprise a plurality of translation actuators 134 a, 134 b coupled between the housing 120 and the frame 122. For example, the flexure actuators 126 a, 126 b, 126 c, 126 d and the translation actuators 134 a, 134 b are configured to provide the five degrees of freedom (DOF) movement for adjustment of the lens 114.

The frame 122 may include a pair of elongate passageways 136 a, 136 b orthogonal to one another. Each translation actuator 134 a, 134 b may comprise a respective motor 140 a, 140 b having an eccentric output shaft 138 a, 138 b received within a respective elongate passageway 136 a, 136 b. Similar to the flexure actuators, the plurality of translation actuators 134 a, 134 b may also be carried within the housing 120, The frame 122 may have a rectangular shape defining four corners, for example. In this embodiment, the distal end of each of the spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d is coupled to the frame 122 at a respective corner.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , the elongate passageway 136 a is configured to engage, the eccentric output shaft 138 a to shift the frame 122 in the directions 142 a, 142 b along the x-axis. For example, in operation the frame 122 is configured to move in the direction 142 a as the eccentric output shaft 138 a rotates counter-clockwise. In a similar manner, the frame is configured to move in the direction 142 b as the eccentric output shaft 138 b rotates in the opposing clockwise direction. As those of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate, the frame 122 can similarly be adjusted along the y-axis.

With additional reference to FIG. 5 , the eccentric output shaft 138 is offset from the center of the translation actuator 134 a. Accordingly, the eccentric output shaft 138 is configured to move in one of the directions 142 a, 142 b and consequently moves the frame. 122 and lens 114 in the desired direction as the motor 140 a rotates.

The spiral flexure 124 a is also shown in a partial cross-sectional view in FIG. 5 , The respective corner of the frame, 122 is raised or lowered dependent on the direction the threaded output shaft 132 a is rotated by the motor 130 a. In a particular aspect, the threaded flexure tube 128 a rides upwards on the threaded output shaft 132 a and away from the housing 122 as the threaded output shaft 132 a is rotated in the counter-clockwise direction. As the threaded output shaft 132 a is rotated in the clockwise direction, the threaded flexure tube 128 a rides down on the threaded output shaft 132 a and towards the housing 122. The result of raising or lowering the spiral flexure 124 a is to cause the frame 122 and lens 114 to be, adjusted. As those of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate, the direction of rotation and threading of the threaded flexure tube 128 a and output shaft 132 could be reversed to operate similarly.

The frame 122 is illustrated in FIG. 6 without the lens 114 or the spiral or translation actuators. As explained above, the frame 122 combines five degrees of freedom of movement into one stage. The focus of the lens 114 is adjusted by actuating one or more of the spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d. For example, as spiral flexure 124 c is raised as illustrated in FIG. 7 , the frame 122 moves accordingly to adjust the focus of the lens 114. As those of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate, the frame 122 and consequently the lens 114 can be adjusted in the Δz, θx, θy directions using the spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d alone or in combination with each other.

Typically, the alignment of the lens 114 would require three to five stages in series to achieve the alignment of the lens 114. However, the frame 122 achieves synergistic travel and moves similar to a Gough-Stewart platform discussed above. Linearity is driven by force balance among the spiral flexures, not kinematics, and having a relatively high specific stiffness (stiffness per unit mass). In addition, the spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d allow for relatively large adjustment range in both translation and rotation while efficiently distributing stress. In addition, the spiral flexures 124 a, 124 b, 124 c, 124 d have a unique aspect ratio and may desirably have a specific stiffness due to being almost a full diameter in thickness.

With reference to FIG. 8 , the optical system 102′ may be used in an application where the target comprises a semiconductor mask 108′. The laser source 106′ is directed to the semiconductor mask 108′ with the optical lens assembly 104′ therebetween.

Referring now to the flowchart 200 of FIG. 9 , in accordance with another aspect, is a method of steering a laser beam from a laser source to a target within a vacuum chamber. The method may include operating a plurality of flexure actuators of an optical assembly within the vacuum chamber between the target and the laser source. The optical assembly may comprise a housing, a frame, a lens carried by the frame, and a plurality of spiral flexures each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame. The optical assembly may also have a plurality of flexure actuators with each flexure actuator coupled between the housing and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure. In addition, the optical assembly may include a plurality of translation actuators where the flexure actuators and the translation actuators provide five degrees of freedom (DOF) of movement for adjustment of the lens.

From the start at Block 202, the method 200 includes operating the plurality of spiral flexure actuators of the optical assembly to adjust an angle of the lens, at Block 204, where a respective threaded flexure tube is coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality spiral flexures, and each flexure actuator comprises a motor having a rotatable threaded output shaft coupled to a respective threaded flexure tube. Moving to Block 206, the method includes operating a plurality of translation actuators of the optical assembly to adjust a translation of the lens, where each translation actuator comprises a motor having an eccentric output shaft received within a respective elongate passageway of the frame carrying the lens. The method ends at Block 208.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. 

That which is claimed is:
 1. An optical system for use with a vacuum chamber comprising: a target to be positioned within the vacuum chamber; a laser source; and an optical assembly to be positioned within the vacuum chamber between the target and the laser source, the optical assembly comprising a housing, a frame, a lens carried by the frame, a plurality of spiral flexures each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame, and a plurality of flexure actuators, each flexure actuator coupled between the housing and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure.
 2. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the optical assembly comprises a respective threaded flexure tube coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of spiral flexures; and wherein each flexure actuator comprises a motor having a rotatable threaded output shaft coupled to a respective threaded flexure tube.
 3. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of flexure actuator, is carried within the housing.
 4. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the optical assembly comprises a plurality of translation actuators coupled between the housing and the frame.
 5. The optical system of claim 4 wherein the plurality of flexure actuators and the plurality of translation actuators are configured to provide five, degrees of freedom (DOF) movement for adjustment of the lens.
 6. The optical system of claim 4 wherein the frame includes a pair of elongate passageways orthogonal to one another; and wherein each translation actuator comprises a motor having an eccentric output shaft received within a respective elongate passageway.
 7. The optical system of claim 4 wherein the plurality of translation actuators is carried within the housing.
 8. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the frame has a rectangular shape defining four corners; and wherein the proximal end of each spiral flexure is coupled to the frame at a respective corner.
 9. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the target comprises an atom trap.
 10. The optical system of claim 1 wherein the target comprises a semiconductor mask.
 11. An optical assembly to be used between a target positioned within a vacuum chamber and a laser source, the optical assembly comprising: a housing; a frame; a lens carried by the frame; a plurality of spiral flexures each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame; and a plurality of flexure actuators, each flexure actuator coupled between the housing and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure.
 12. The optical assembly of claim 11 comprising a respective threaded flexure tube coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of spiral flexures; and wherein each flexure actuator comprises a motor having a rotatable threaded output shaft coupled to a respective threaded flexure tube.
 13. The optical assembly of claim 11 wherein the plurality of flexure actuators is carried within the housing.
 14. The optical assembly of claim 11 comprising a plurality of translation actuators coupled between the housing and the frame.
 15. The optical assembly of claim 14 wherein the plurality of flexure actuators and the plurality of translation actuators are configured to provide five degrees of freedom (DOF) of movement for adjustment of the lens.
 16. The optical assembly of claim 14 wherein the frame includes a pair of elongate passageways orthogonal to one another; and wherein each translation actuator comprises a motor having an eccentric output shaft received within a respective elongate passageway.
 17. The optical assembly of claim 14 wherein the plurality of translation actuators is carried within the housing.
 18. The optical assembly of claim 11 wherein the frame has a rectangular shape defining four corners; and wherein the proximal end of each spiral flexure is coupled to the frame at a respective corner.
 19. A method of steering a laser beam from a laser source to a target within a vacuum chamber, the method comprising: operating a plurality of flexure actuators of an optical assembly within the vacuum chamber between the target and the laser source, the optical assembly comprising a housing, a frame, a lens carried by the frame, a plurality of spiral flexure's each having a respective proximal end coupled to the frame, and the plurality of flexure actuators, each flexure actuator coupled between the housing and a distal end of a respective spiral flexure.
 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the optical assembly comprises a respective threaded flexure tube coupled to a distal end of each of the plurality of spiral flexures; and wherein each flexure actuator comprises a motor having a rotatable threaded output shaft coupled to a respective threaded flexure tube.
 21. The method of claim 19 wherein the plurality of flexure actuators is carried within the housing.
 22. The method of claim 19 comprising operating a plurality of translation actuators of the optical assembly; wherein the optical assembly comprises the plurality of translation actuators coupled between the housing and the frame,
 23. The method of claim 22 comprising operating the plurality of flexure actuators and the plurality of translation actuators to provide five degrees of freedom (DOF) of movement for adjustment of the lens.
 24. The method of claim 22 wherein the frame includes a pair or elongate passageways orthogonal to one another; and wherein each translation actuator comprises a motor having an eccentric output shaft received within a respective elongate passageway.
 25. The method of claim 22 wherein the plurality of translation actuators is carried within the housing. 